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                              Advanced Structured Materials

                         Alternative Energies Updates on Progress

                                                                   by Germán Ferreira

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DESCRIPTION:
Municipal solid waste production has increased over the past years. The
European Union Waste Framework Directive establishes different hierarchy levels
for its management, where prevention and recycling appear as the most convenient
management strategies for the organic fraction of MSW. This fraction can be either
recycled by composting or by anaerobic digestion followed or not by composting.
Anaerobic digestion has the advantage of producing energy instead of consuming it
and it is widely described in this chapter. First, a revision of the state of the art of its
implementation at full scale is carried out. Then, a detailed description of the
environmental and operational factors affecting the process performance is
described. Finally, methods for improving the yields of the anaerobic digestion
process are considered, which includes biological and physical pre-treatment
technologies together with the basis and possibilities of anaerobic co-digestion.